Potential effects of climate change on ecosystem distribution in Alberta

نویسندگان

  • Richard R. Schneider
  • Andreas Hamann
  • Dan Farr
  • Xianli Wang
  • Stan Boutin
چکیده

We propose a new and relatively simple modification to extend the utility of bioclimatic envelope models for land-use planning and adaptation under climate change. In our approach, the trajectory of vegetation change is set by a bioclimatic envelope model, but the rate of transition is determined by a disturbance model. We used this new approach to explore potential changes in the distribution of ecosystems in Alberta, Canada, under alternative climate and disturbance scenarios. The disturbance model slowed the rate of ecosystem transition, relative to the raw projections of the bioclimatic envelope model. But even with these transition lags in place, a northward shift of grasslands into much of the existing parkland occurred over the 50 years of our simulation. There was also a conversion of 12%–21% of Alberta’s boreal region to parkland. In addition to aspatial projections, our simulations provide testable predictions about where ecosystem changes as a result of climate change are most likely to be initially observed. We also conducted an investigation of model uncertainty that provides an indication of the robustness of our findings and identifies fruitful avenues for future research. Résumé : Nous proposons une nouvelle modification relativement simple pour étendre l’utilité des modèles d’enveloppe bioclimatique à la planification et à l’adaptation de l’usage des terres dans le contexte des changements climatiques. Dans notre approche, le changement de trajectoire de la végétation est déterminé‘par un modèle d’enveloppe bioclimatique mais le taux de changement est déterminé par un modèle de perturbation. Nous avons utilisé cette nouvelle approche pour explorer les changements potentiels dans la distribution des écosystèmes en Alberta, au Canada, en fonction de différents scénarios concernant le climat et les perturbations. Le modèle de perturbation a ralenti le taux de transition des écosystèmes relativement aux projections brutes du modèle d’enveloppe bioclimatique. Mais même avec des périodes de transition plus longues en place, les prairies se sont étendues vers le nord et ont envahi presque toute la forêt-parc actuelle pendant la période de simulation d’une durée de 50 ans. Il y a aussi eu une conversion de 12 % – 21 % de la zone boréale de l’Alberta en forêt-parc. En plus des projections aspatiales, nos simulations génèrent des prédictions qui peuvent être testées quant aux endroits où les changements d’écosystème dus aux changements climatiques ont le plus de chances d’être observés en premier. Nous avons aussi investigué l’incertitude associée au modèle qui fournit une indication de la robustesse de nos résultats et identifie les pistes prometteuses de recherches futures. [Traduit par la Rédaction]

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تاریخ انتشار 2009